Kapunda. South Australian copper mining town from 1842 to 1878. Wonderful intricate pattern cast iron lace work on the veranda of an 1880s house cast in the Hawke Foundry of Kapunda. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Kapunda. South Australian copper mining town from 1842 to 1878. Wonderful intricate pattern cast iron lace work on the veranda of an 1880s house cast in the Hawke Foundry of Kapunda. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
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| 説明 | The original private township was called North Kapunda and it was laid out by the North Kapunda Mining Company in 1846 although many miners were living on the lands of the Dutton copper mine before that time. These early miners squatted on land even if they built a hut or cottage on it. In 1849 the government belatedly surveyed a town which it called Victoria and then Kapunda. Look at a map of Kapunda today and you can see this government town delineated by South, North, and West terraces. This is the northern half of today’s Kapunda where the old primary school is located. Government facilities followed soon after the founding of the mining town with the police station, now a private residence being erected in 1852. Later in 1866 the impressive Court House was built adjacent to the police station still in the private township of the Kapunda Mining Company. The early Congregational Church of 1857 was also built on land obtained from the Kapunda Mining Company. The town prospered greatly once the government railway arrived in 1860. It then became the terminus for the bullock drays carting copper ore from Burra. It was during the 1860s and 1870s that many of the fine buildings in the town were erected. At this time Kapunda was larger than Gawler and Glenelg and in 1850 Kapunda was larger than Brisbane! It was the first town in SA with gas street lighting from around 1870. Kapunda also had its own newspaper from 1864 when the Kapunda Herald was established. Andrew Thomson of Osborne House bought the newspaper later that year. The paper still operates today as the Barossa and Light Herald (from 1908) and is the largest circulating regional weekly newspaper. Thomson also ran the general store, which is now the information centre. Once the mine closed in 1878 the town focused on its agricultural hinterland and Sir Sidney Kidman played a major role in developing the town. He regularly held horse and cattle auctions behind the North Kapunda Hotel in the main street and by the time of his death in 1935 he owned or had a financial interest in 68 large properties which covered over 100,000 square miles ( 64 million acres or 259,000 square kms ) of Australia. Victoria is only 227,000 square kms! Kidman donated his home to the education department in 1921 for it to become Kapunda High School- one of the first high schools outside of Adelaide. In 1876 a local Scot, Alexander Greenshields built a mansion for £4,000 which he called Lanark after his birthplace in Scotland. He was a wealthy Kapunda draper and store owner. Sir Sidney Kidman bought the house around 1897 and renamed it Eringa. A major fire destroyed the roof of Eringa in 1902 and the Art Nouveau style Marseille tile roof replaced the original roof. The western wing was also added at this time and if you get to go inside you can see the delightful Art Nouveau ceiling motifs and the leadlight windows featuring bull rushes. When Sidney and his wife Bel moved to Adelaide they purchased a house at 76 Northgate Street Unley Park which they also named Eringa. Sir Sidney Kidman died here in 1935 and was buried nearby in the Mitcham cemetery. The Kidman Empire was inherited by his son Walter and other family members. Sir Sidney Kidman was mourned by people around the world and the almost illiterate 13 year who set about to create a pastoral empire on his own died an extremely wealthy man. Kidman was knighted partly for his generosity and bequests to the Inland Mission, the Salvation Army, the Red Cross and other charities. During World War One he had also donated hundreds of horses, produce, especially beef and other materials to the Australian war effort including two fighter airplanes. As a generous employer it was not surprising that his employees put on a rodeo party for his 75th birthday in 1932 in the Adelaide Parklands. 60,000 people attended! Kidman was meant to be as comfortable talking to British royalty as to his stockmen. Although the Kidman properties are only half what they used to be in size they are for sale for round $350 million in 2015. Sir Montague( or Montagu) Chapman, Third Baronet of Westmeath near Dublin Ireland, used a loop hole in the Special Survey regulations of 1839 and selected his 4,000 acres for £4,000 in different areas. He took 800 acres at Koonunga near Kapunda; 500 acres at Kapunda; 500 acres near Waterloo and Marrabel; and later in 1842 he selected a further 2,200 acres between the Little Para River and Dry Creek at what is now Mawson Lakes, Salisbury and Cross Keys. At Killua Castle in Ireland he had 9,000 acres and hundreds of tenant farmers. He wanted to do the same in SA. In 1840 he sent out Captain Charles Bagot from Ireland with his family and 224 Irish immigrants to settle his, and Bagot’s lands at Kapunda and Koonunga with Irish labourers and tenants. Then in 1842 he sailed out to SA with 120 Irish tenant farmers who he installed on his lands at Cross Keys. Sir Montague Chapman returned to Ireland the next year. Then in 1847 he sent out with a further 214 Irish immigrants to be tenant farmers on his Cross Key lands. They came out on the ships named Trafalgar and Aboukir. Sir Montague Chapman lived in Ireland not SA but returned to his SA estates in 1852 and drowned at sea in 1853 off Portland when returning to SA from Sydney. His brother Benjamin inherited the SA lands and estates. The lasting effect of Sir Montague Chapmans tenant farming ideas was a large number of Irish Catholics around the Salisbury and Kapunda districts. Many of these immigrants soon became independent landowners themselves. These early Irish Catholic’s had the fourth Catholic Church in SA built at Koonunga. But in 1862 they opened a church in Kapunda itself named St Rose of Lima which was completed in 1866. This church was replaced with the current fine red brick Romanesque style St Rose’s Church which was built in 1938. The original church was demolished in 1946. Beside the church is a bluestone church office, and behind it is a parish hall built in 1909. It replaced an earlier 1865 parish hall. Beyond that is the fine convent built in 1892. This early hall was used as a Catholic school run by the Sisters of St Joseph. When the Dominican sister took over the school they had a new two storey convent built. It is now a private residence. Imprisoned paedophile magistrate Peter Liddy owned this former convent for some years. Apart from the Dutton family, Captain Bagot and Sir Sidney Kidman, Kapunda was also home to Ellen Benham (1871-1917.) She was the daughter of a Kapunda solicitor and was educated in the town. She obtained a Bachelor of Science from the University of Adelaide in 1889 and returned to Kapunda as a teacher. In 1901 she became the first female lecturer employed by the University of Adelaide, and later in 1912 she purchased her own school – Walford Grammar School for Girls. She is buried in the Kapunda cemetery. Sir Jenkin Coles a state parliamentarian who served for 33 years lived in Kapunda for most of his life. In the early days the town’s water supply came from the Light River which flows through the town. Electricity was not turned on until 1925. One of many symbols of its early growth as an urban centre was the establishment of the Kapunda Horticultural Society and Annual Show in 1857. Kapunda is 800 feet or 245 m above sea level, with a population of around 3,000 people today and it has an average annual rainfall of 500mm or 19.6 inches. |
| 撮影日 | 2019-06-12 11:43:16 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
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| カメラ | DSC-HX90V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.004 sec (1/250) |
| 開放F値 | f/6.3 |