John Dickinson the revolutionary writer of Letters from a Pennsylvania FArmer. His former slave plantation is in Delaware near Dover. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
John Dickinson the revolutionary writer of Letters from a Pennsylvania FArmer. His former slave plantation is in Delaware near Dover. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | New Sweden-Delaware. This state is second smallest after Rhode Island. It is commonly known as the “first state” because it was the first to ratify the US Constitution in 1787. Once 9 states had ratified the constitution it came into operation in 1789. Delaware has a population of 900,000 people with most living in Wilmington. Wilmington on the Delaware River has an interesting history. It began as part of New Sweden in 1638 with Fort Christina (after the Swedish Queen of the day) being built where Wilmington now stands. A number of Finns also settled in New Sweden as Finland was then under Swedish control. The colony prospered and in 1654 it captured some Dutch territory. When Sweden began the Second Baltic War in 1654 Peter Stuyvesant the Governor of New Netherlands seized New Sweden and claimed it for Holland. So in 1655 the Delaware region became a Dutch settlement. When the Netherlands lost New Netherlands (now New York) to Britain in 1664 they also lost what used to be New Sweden. But the Dutch re-took the Delaware River area from Britain after 1664 and governed it for a further ten years until they finally surrendered it to the British for a second time in 1774. It was during this twenty year period (1654-74) that the Dutch colony from extended from Wilmington up to where Philadelphia now stands and across to Lancaster and the Amish country. Hence the Schuylkill River which flows through Philadelphia has a Dutch name, and Pennsylvania Dutch is the name often applied to the Lancaster region. When William Penn got his charter for his new Quaker based colony in 1682 it included parts of what used to be New Sweden and New Netherlands but its borders were defined and the colony of Delaware was created as separate colony from that of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. John Dickinson Slave Plantation 340 Kitts Hummock Road. Once we travelled south from Wilmington we technically entered the South is it is below the Mason-Dixon Line which separated slave and non-slave states. Delaware was a Southern slave state. But slavery in Delaware was not so prevalent and most plantations were small with few slaves. The worst abuses of slaves and the greatest atrocities usually occurred on large plantations with 100 to 1,000 slaves. Most of those big plantations were in Sth Carolina and Louisiana. In Delaware there were usually 5 or less slaves one each plantation, but there were exceptions. It was in Border States like Delaware that many slaves’ marriages were broken and partners and children sold to the Deep South for around $1,000 each in the 1850s.In Delaware only 4% of white property owners had any slaves by 1860 yet almost all whites supported the institution of slavery. Delaware banned the foreign importation of slaves in its state constitution of 1776 but it did not ban slavery, or the importation from other states or the sale of slave to other states. Slavery was almost abolished when President Lincoln emancipated the slaves in January 1863 in rebelling states, but because Delaware was on the Union side Lincoln proposed compensation to Delaware slave owners. This was accepted by the State Legislature but slavey was not abolished until the 13th amendment to the federal constitution was passed in 1865. Delaware was always noted for the high proportion of free blacks in the state as emancipation was encouraged. By the time the Civil War began there were only 2,000 slaves left in Delaware so it was an easy decision for that state to join Lincoln and the North. In Delaware even the slave owners accepted that slavery was not a good institution and that it would eventually have to be abolished. Also by the time of the Civil War less and less tobacco was being grown in the state.When the US was formed in 1789 there were just less than 1 million slaves but they created problems for the Founding Fathers. Slaves could not vote, despite the Declaration of Independence of all men being equal, but they had to be counted. The Southern slaves got an agreement that slave counted for determining the number of state representatives in Congress. One slave counted for 3/5 of a white person. Slavery and the expansion of slavery into the new western territories caused great problems for the Congress between 1850 and 1860. By the time of the Civil War outbreak in 1861 there were roughly four million slaves in America up from the 1 million of 1790. The main reason for the increase was the development of the cotton gin which took the seeds out of cotton. This led to the expansion of the cotton industry, which had a huge demand for slave labour. Slave labour demand for tobacco production fell in this period. The South isolated itself from the rest of the Union over the issue of slavery. We catch a glimpse of what benign slavery was like on John Dickinson’ slave plantation. Dickinson was the main writer of the Stamp Act Resolutions of 1865 against the first internal British tax on the Americans. He published a book against British taxation called Letters of a Farmer in Pennsylvania and represented Delaware in the Continental Congress but he refused to sign the Declaration of Independence. But he went on to lead 10,000 revolutionary troops during the War. He was made President of Delaware and got Delaware to ratify the Constitution in 1787. |
| 撮影日 | 2012-10-19 03:22:30 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | |
| カメラ | FinePix S2000HD S2100HD , FUJIFILM |
| 露出 | 0.004 sec (1/240) |
| 開放F値 | f/7.0 |
| 焦点距離 | 5 mm |