right-hand pivot inscription - north Spanish bronze cannon - Spanish-American War Memorial - Arlington National Cemetery - 2013-08-24 : 無料・フリー素材/写真
right-hand pivot inscription - north Spanish bronze cannon - Spanish-American War Memorial - Arlington National Cemetery - 2013-08-24 / Tim Evanson
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-継承 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | Inscription on the right-hand pivot on the northern bronze Spanish cannon at the Spanish-American War Memorial in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States.The Spanish-American War was a ten-week conflict that occurred from March to August 1898. It was prompted by an insurrection in Cuba against Spanish colonial rule, and led to American troops conquering Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island. The American declaration of war prohibited the U.S. from seeking to make Cuba a territory, and it was given its freedom in 1902. The Filipino people fought a bloody and unsuccessful fight for their freedom against American rule from 1899 to 1902 in which hundreds of thousands of civilians died.While 2,910 American military personnel died during the war, just 345 were combat deaths. The rest died of disease, and more than 1,800 Americans were buried in Cuba, Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. On July 8, 1898, Congress enacted legislation authorizing the repatriation of American dead. Many of the dead were buried at Arlington National Cemetery, either because their families desired it or the remains could not be identified. Of the dead, 226 were disinterred in Cuba, 20 from Puerto Rico, and 24 from Hawaii. Most of the burials at Arlington National Cemetery occurred in what is now Section 22, while members of the Rough Riders (or 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry) were buried in Section 23. Civilian nurses (all of whom died of diease) were buried in what is now Section 21.Some time in the first six months of 1900, a memorial was to the Spanish-American War dead was constructed by the United States Department of War (which had control over the cemetery). This memorial was built on a slight hillock on the far eastern part of the Spanish-American War "field of the dead." It was about 400 feet to the southwest of a gravel pit (now Memorial Amphitheater). This memorial consisted of a traffic circle, on the eastern side of which was a flagstone overlook. Placed on the overlook, facing east, were four cannon. All four cannon were captured Spanish weapons. The two modern guns were taken from the Spanish Navy armored cruisers "Vizcaya" and "Infanta Maria Teresa". The U.S. Navy had sunk the two ships when they tried to flee the harbor of Santiago de Cuba on July 3, 1898. The ships (as well as two other cruisers and two destroyers) were old, not in good repair, had few guns, and were low on fuel. The U.S. Navy's Flying Squadron and North Atlantic Squadron, under the command of Commodore Winfield Scott Schley, easily sank all six. The provenance of the two smaller bronze cannon is less clear. A newspaper at the time claimed they came from a Spanish coastal battery in Cuba (which the paper did not identify), but the "Washington Post" was more specific and said they came from a coastal battery near Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca (also known as "Morro Castle") at Sevilla near Santiago de Cuba. All four guns were mounted on granite pedestals. The bronze cannon were spiked, while the modern guns had their breechblocks removed.In April 1900, the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America voted to build a memorial to Spanish-American War dead at Arlington National Cemetery. Winifred Lee Brent Lyster, wife of Dr. Henry Francis LeHunte Lyster of Michigan and a relative of Confederate Army General Robert E. Lee, conceived of and was the primary advocate for the memorial. Originally, the memorial was just going to be a tablet. But money poured in, and soon the Society raised its sights and began thinking of a marble column. The federal government had already been considering a memorial just west of the existing one, and the Colonial Dames were given this for their effort. An original, over-elaborate design (it's not clear at all who the designer was) with whomping huge base was rejected by the Army Corps of Engineers, and the current design submitted and approved in October 1901. The inscription on the plaque on the front (west side) of the base was written by the poet Richard Watson Gilder.The monument was unveiled and dedicated on May 21, 1902, by President Theodore Roosevelt.The Spanish-American War Memorial consists of a column of gray granite 54 feet (16 m) high quarried in Barre, Vermont. (It is unknown which company provided the marble, or shaped it.) Atop the column is a bronze eagle with outstretched wings, facing west. (It is unknown who sculpted the eagle, or which firm cast it.) The eagle is mounted on a granite globe, which was quarried in Quincy, Massachusetts. A band decorated with 13 stars (representing the original Thirteen Colonies) is carved in high relief on the globe. (It is unknown which company provided the granite for the globe, or who shaped it.) The globe stands on a square base. The base stands atop a Corinthian capital which crowns the column. The column rests upon a tall plinth with a square cross-section. Around the top of the plinth are bronze stars 5 inches (13 cm) across. There are 11 stars on each of the four sides, for a total of 44 stars. The plinth stands on a larger square base, which sits atop a foundation set in the earth. On each corner of the foundation is a polished black granite sphere 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter. The total cost of the monument was $9,000 ($229,967 in 2013 dollars).The National Society of Colonial Dames was given permission to add a second bronze tablet to the rear of the memorial in 1964. The 3-foot-6-inch (1.07 m) square tablet was placed on the memorial on October 11, 1964. And yet another tablet (!!!) was placed on the west side of the grassy circle on which the memorial sits. Also placed by the National Society of Colonial Dames, this 12-by-8-inch (30 by 20 cm) tablet was dedicated on October 19, 2008. |
| 撮影日 | 2013-08-24 09:12:07 |
| 撮影者 | Tim Evanson , Cleveland Heights, Ohio, USA |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | |
| カメラ | NIKON D7100 , NIKON CORPORATION |
| 露出 | 0.006 sec (1/160) |
| 開放F値 | f/6.3 |
| 焦点距離 | 55 mm |