Halemaumau Crater (11 June 2025) (Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii) 1 : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Halemaumau Crater (11 June 2025) (Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii) 1 / James St. John
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | (public domain, screen capture video from the V3 web camera on the southern rim of Kilauea Volcano's summit caldera)------------------------------------------------Mt. Kilauea is the world’s most active volcano. It sits atop the Hawaii Hotspot in the central Pacific Ocean and had a decades-long eruption from 1983 to 2018. Eruptive activity started up again in December 2020 and continued into 2025. Kilauea lavas are basaltic in composition, but the physical appearance of Kilauea’s output varies. Many of Kilauea’s eruptions occurred along its East Rift Zone, a fracture system extending ~eastward from the summit vent area. Seen here is lava erupting at the summit of Kilauea Volcano from 12:20 to 12:21 PM, local time, on 11 June 2025. This dome fountaining is near the beginning of "episode 25". "Episode 1" of the current eruption series started on 23 December 2024.--------------------------------Info. from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) & United States Geological Survey (USGS):Episode 25 of the ongoing Halemaumau eruption began at 11:57 AM Hawaii Standard Time on June 11, 2025, and the volume and vigor of lava fountains and flows has increased markedly as of 12:30 PM. Lava is currently fountaining from the north vent, reaching heights of approximately 330 feet (100 meters).Episode 25 was preceded by intermittent gas-pistoning in the north vent, with associated small spatter fountains and lava flows which began before dawn on June 10. This activity, which occurred at a rate of about 5-10 gas piston events per hour, continued to increase in intensity until 11:57 AM on June 11, when a small sustained dome fountain began to feed lava flows onto the crater floor. As of 12:30 PM Hawaii Standard Time, fountains from the north vent are reaching about 165 feet (50 meters) high and feeding multiple lava streams. Fountains heights are likely to increase in the coming hours.Inflationary tilt reached just over 15 microradians since the end of the last episode. Seismic tremor began increasing and tilt at Uekahuna switched from inflation to deflation at about 12 PM Hawaii Standard Time, about the same time lava flows began erupting onto the crater floor.------Episode 25 of the ongoing Halemaumau eruption ended last night, June 11, at 8:08 PM after about 8 hours of sustained fountaining. The end of the episode was coincident with a change from deflationary to inflationary tilt at the summit and a decrease in seismic tremor intensity. This morning, summit inflation continues, along with persistent, low level seismic tremor, suggesting another episode is possible. However, more time and data is needed before a forecast window can be made. Fountaining episodes have occurred approximately once per week since the start of the eruption on December 23, 2024. All eruptive activity remains within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. No significant activity has been noted along Kilauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone. Current hazards include ongoing volcanic gas emissions and windblown volcanic glass (Pele’s hair) and tephra deposited during past episodes in the Kīlauea summit region of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and nearby communities.Summit Observations:Episode 25 was preceded by intermittent gas-pistoning in the north vent, with associated small spatter fountains and lava flows which began before dawn on June 10. This activity, which occurred at a rate of about 5-10 gas piston events per hour, continued to increase in intensity until 11:57 AM on June 11, when a small, sustained dome fountain in the north vent began to feed lava flows onto the crater floor. North vent lava fountain heights increased markedly around 12:30 PM and by 12:45 PM were reaching heights of more than 500 feet (more than 150 meters). The vigor of activity continued to increase and at approximately 1 PM, lava fountains from the north vent reached heights of more than 1,000 feet (305 meters). At 1:30 PM, a small fountain, less than 50 meters (165 feet) high, started to erupt from the south vent. Lava fountains continued to erupt from both vents, feeding large lava flows that covered parts of Halema'uma'u crater floor. Eruption vigor at both vents began to decrease around 3:45 PM, as fountain heights lowered gradually over the following hours. The north vent stopped erupting at approximately 7:36 PM Hawaii Standard Time on June 11. The south vent stopped erupting at approximately 8:08 PM Hawaii Standard Time, marking the end of the episode. Lava flows from this episode on the floor of Halemaumau within the southern part of Kaluapele (Kilauea caldera) may continue to exhibit slow movement or incandescence as they cool and solidify over the coming days. The eruptive plume from episode 25 reached at least 20,000 feet (6,000 meters) above ground level by 1:30 PM Hawaii Standard Time on June 11. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions were estimated at more than 50,000-75,000 metric tons per day during episode 25. The average sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate during inter-episode pauses, such as the ongoing pause, is typically around 1,200 metric tons per day.Episode 25 was accompanied by about 14 microradians of deflationary tilt at a tiltmeter near Uekahuna, a couple of microradians more deflation than the amount seen during episode 24. The end of the episode was coincident with a change from deflationary tilt to inflationary tilt at the summit and a decrease in seismic tremor intensity. Summit tiltmeters have continued to record inflationary tilt following the end of episode 25. Uekahuna has recovered about 1.5 microradians of inflationary tilt in the 13 hours since the end of episode 54. Seismic tremor has returned to slightly elevated levels beneath Halemaumau crater.--------------------------------Locality: Halemaumau Crater, southwestern corner of Kilauea Crater (Kilauea Caldera), southeastern Hawaii, central Pacific Basin--------------------------------Info. at:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halemaʻumaʻu |
| 撮影日 | 2025-06-12 01:34:23 |
| 撮影者 | James St. John |
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