Flint (Vanport Flint, Middle Pennsylvanian; Flint Ridge, Ohio, USA) 374 : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Flint (Vanport Flint, Middle Pennsylvanian; Flint Ridge, Ohio, USA) 374 / James St. John
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Flint from the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.Flint is the state gemstone of Ohio. "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. In early times, light-colored material was called "chert" and dark-colored material was called "flint". Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules). Another proposed origin for some chert / flint is altered quartzose eolian dust deposits on ancient seafloors.The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric Americans quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old flint pits can be seen along hiking trails in Flint Ridge State Park ("Flint Ridge State Memorial"; "Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve"). Many prehistoric artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") are composed of Vanport Flint.Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle PennsylvanianLocality: Nethers Flint Quarries - flint pit in the woods on the southwestern side of Flint Ridge Road, eastern Flint Ridge, far-western Muskingum County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 40° 00.137’ North latitude, 82° 11.544’ West longitude) |
| 撮影日 | 2025-05-01 13:42:07 |
| 撮影者 | James St. John |
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