Halemaumau Crater (20 March 2025) (Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii) 4 : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Halemaumau Crater (20 March 2025) (Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii) 4 / James St. John
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | (public domain, screen capture video from the V1 web camera on the northwestern rim of Kilauea Volcano's summit caldera)------------------------------------------------Mt. Kilauea is the world’s most active volcano. It sits atop the Hawaii Hotspot in the central Pacific Ocean and had a decades-long eruption from 1983 to 2018. Eruptive activity started up again in December 2020 and continued into 2025. Kilauea lavas are basaltic in composition, but the physical appearance of Kilauea’s output varies tremendously. Many of Kilauea’s eruptions occurred along its East Rift Zone, a fracture system extending ~eastward from the summit vent area. Seen here is lava erupting at the summit of Kilauea Volcano from 6:55 to 6:57 AM, local time, on 20 March 2025. This is "episode 14", which started in the mid-morning of 19 March 2025 and ended in the afternoon of 20 March 2025. "Episode 1" of the current eruption series started on 23 December 2024.--------------------------------Info. from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) & United States Geological Survey (USGS):Episode 14 of the ongoing Halemaumau eruption began at 9:26 AM Hawaiian Standard Time on March 19 with continuous lava effusion from the north vent. Both vents are currently active with large fountains reaching 400-600 feet (100-200 meters). The south vent began sustained fountaining around 6:30 AM Hawaiian Standard Time on March 20 followed by sustained fountains in the north cone at 6:50 AM Hawaiian Standard Time. The north cone shut off at 7:46 AM Hawaiian Standard Time, and the south cone fountains have reached heights up to 500-700 feet (150-215 meters).Episode 14 was preceded by seven small, short-lived lava flows that began at approximately midnight on March 19 and continued until 6:02-6:10 AM. The onset of the continuous eruption with cyclic low lava fountaining (30 feet high) and drainback events of the lava pond extended from 9:26 AM Hawaiian Standard Time March 19 through this morning with increased intensity at 2:00 AM Hawaiian Standard Time March 20. Sustained fountaining from both cones began around 6:30 AM Hawaiian Standard Time on March 20. Each episode of Halemaumau lava fountaining since December 23, 2024, has continued for 13 hours to 8 days and episodes have been separated by pauses in eruptive activity lasting less than 24 hours to 12 days.Kilauea's current eruption in Halemaumau crater within Kaluapele (the summit caldera) began on December 23, 2024. There have been 13 episodes of lava fountaining separated by pauses in activity. Episode 13 ended at 3:13 PM Hawaiian Standard Time on March 11. All eruptive activity remains within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. No significant activity has been noted along Kilauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.Small, degassed lava flows began erupting continuously from both vents within Halemaumau crater beginning at 9:26 AM Hawaiian Standard Time from the north vent and 9:50 AM Hawaiian Standard Time from the south vent on March 19. The occasional spatter bursts in both cones slowly waned throughout the morning after 7:00 AM Hawaiian Standard Time, but activity in both cones picked back up around 9:20 AM Hawaiian Standard Time just prior to the start of continuous eruption. The south vent flows became sporadic around 10:35 AM Hawaiian Standard Time. Cyclic low dome fountains alternated with short drainbacks in the north vent every 5-10 minutes with the interval decreasing over time. Maximum dome fountains were 30 feet high (10 meters) and occurred within a 200 foot by 150 foot (65 by 45 meters) lava pond that drops about 5-10 feet (2-3 meters) during each drainback event within the north cone. The size of the dome fountains increased significantly around 2:00 AM Hawaiian Standard Time March 20th, with fountain heights reaching 50-100 feet (15-30 meters). At 6:30 AM, the south vent started to fountain continuously and was joined by the north vent at 6:50 AM Hawaiian Standard Time. By 7:15 AM Hawaiian Standard Time, fountains reached heights of 400-600 feet (120-180 meters) and lava was covering more than half of the Halemaumau crater floor.Prior to start of continuous eruptions, episode 14 was preceded by seven small, short-lived, sluggish lava flows that began overflowing the south vent just before midnight. The first flow was active from 23:58 PM Hawaiian Standard Time March 18 to 00:02 AM Hawaiian Standard Time March 19 and the second from 00:56 to 1:03 AM Hawaiian Standard Time. These were followed by a third tongue of lava from the south vent from 1:57 to 2:01 AM Hawaiian Standard Time and a fourth from 3:36 to 3:46 AM Hawaiian Standard Time. The fifth and sixth sluggish lobes erupted from 4:20 AM to 4:28 AM Hawaiian Standard Time and 5:04 to 5:14 AM Hawaiian Standard Time. A seventh short-lived flow erupted from the south vent between 6:02 AM and 6:10 AM Hawaiian Standard Time March 19. This flow was accompanied by large spatter bursts from the south vent that could be seen over the top of the north cone on the V1 camera. None of the seven flows lasted more than 10 minutes nor went more than about 50 feet (15 meters) from the south vent. Occasional spatter bursts could be seen in the north vent on the V1 camera throughout the night and becoming more frequent in the early morning hours. The rate of summit inflationary tilt slowed over past 24 hour until the onset of high fountaining after 6:30 AM Hawaiian Standard Time. Inflationary tilt recovered 12 microradians since the end of the last episode. Seismic tremor rapidly increased at 6:30 AM Hawaiian Standard Time and tilt at UWD [= Uekahuna tiltmeter] switched from inflation to deflation at about 6:52 AM Hawaiian Standard Time, when sustained fountaining of the north vent joined with the south vent. An SO2 emission rate of 1,200 tons per day was measured on March 18, which is a typical rate for eruption pauses. Emissions of SO2 during the current high fountains will be in the 20,000 to 50,000 tons per day range based on past measurements. The fountains are also currently producing tephra such as pumice and Pele's hair that can be transported long distances downwind from the vents.--------------------------------Locality: Halemaumau Crater, southwestern corner of Kilauea Crater (Kilauea Caldera), southeastern Hawaii, central Pacific Basin--------------------------------Info. at:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halemaʻumaʻu |
| 撮影日 | 2025-03-20 17:54:23 |
| 撮影者 | James St. John |
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