Golden-sheen obsidian (Mexico) 12 : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Golden-sheen obsidian (Mexico) 12 / James St. John
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | (cut surface)-----------------------------------Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Obsidian is natural glass - it lacks crystals, and therefore lacks minerals. Obsidian is typically black in color, but most obsidians have a felsic to intermediate chemistry. Felsic igneous rocks are generally light-colored, so a felsic obsidian seems a paradox. Mafic obsidians are scarce, but they are also black and glassy. Obsidian is an uncommon rock, but can be examined at several famous localities in America, such as Obsidian Cliff at the Yellowstone Hotspot (northwestern Wyoming, USA) and Big Obsidian Flow at the Newberry Volcano (central Oregon, USA). Obsidian is moderately hard and has a conchoidal fracture (smooth and curved fracture surface), with sharp broken edges. Freshly-broken obsidian has the sharpest edges of any material known, natural or man-made (as seen under a scanning electron microscope). Obsidian forms two ways: 1) very rapid cooling of lava, which prevents the formation of crystals; 2) cooling of high-viscosity lava, which prevents easy movement of atoms to form crystals. An example of obsidian that formed the first way is along the margins of basaltic lava flows at Kilaeua Volcano (Hawaii Hotspot, central Pacific Ocean). Most obsidian formed the second way.Seen here is golden-sheen obsidian, an unusual color. The "sheen" effect is from different indices of refraction between two types of glass in the obsidian: the matrix obsidian and small, flow-aligned, gas-filled or glass-filled lenticular vesicles (Ma et al., 2001). The vesicles are probably incorporated and remelted fragments from an older volcanic unit.Locality: unrecorded / undisclosed site in Mexico-------------------------------Reference cited:Ma et al. (2001) - Micro-analytical study of the optical properties of rainbow and sheen obsidians. The Canadian Mineralogist 39: 57-71. |
| 撮影日 | 2024-09-20 12:36:47 |
| 撮影者 | James St. John |
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