Townsville. The Tattersalls Hotel. Built in colonial style 1892. Established in 1863. Now Molly Malone's Hotel : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Townsville. The Tattersalls Hotel. Built in colonial style 1892. Established in 1863. Now Molly Malone's Hotel / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Brief History of Townsville. Captain James Cook named nearby Cape Cleveland, Cleveland Bay and Magnetic Island in 1770. In 1819 Captain Phillip Parker King and botanist Alan Cunningham were the first Europeans to record a local landing here where Townsville now stands. Then in 1862 John Melton Black formed a partnership to establish a pastoral venture. He took up runs with a frontage to Cleveland Bay in 1863. After his partners withdrew from the partnership Black found another investor named Robert Towns who was an entrepreneur above all else. Towns wanted a large and accessible property (Black's runs exceeded 1,000 square kms) with scope for a boiling-down works to kill and process livestock when prices fell. He was offered a half share in Black’s venture. Towns also had initiated the Kanaka indentured labour voyages in 1863 to his property near Brisbane where he wanted to grow cotton. Towns used Kanaka labourers in the building of his port at Townsville in 1866 but most Kanakas went to Brisbane for Robert Town’s for cotton growing from 1863 or to the MacKay region for sugar growing. Despite the 1868 Polynesians Labourers Act of QLD to regulate the conditions Robert Towns paid his indentured labourers in trinkets rather than cash as the act stipulated. A rudimentary settlement began on Cleveland Bay at Ross Creek, which was adequate for light coastal vessels. Black found and marked out a route from the upper Burdekin River region to the coast for transportation of cattle. In 1864 a hotel opened at Ross Creek and a government surveyor mapped out a plan for a town. Townsville was named after the financial backer rather than Black. It then consisted of a few blocks east of Wickham Street and subdivisions along the Strand up to Burke Street and a similar layout along the west bank of Ross Creek. Town lots were auctioned and market gardens established; the boiling down works on the Ross River were operational by 1866 and a Customs House was erected after Townsville was declared an international port. Monthly steamer services began from Bowen in 1866 and local government began when Townsville was declared a municipality with John Melton black as the first mayor. The Cleveland Bay Express newspaper also began publication in 1866. Townsville grew quickly because of its huge hinterland which was ideal for cattle ranching. Robert Towns only visited the town once but after his death in 1873 a memorial was placed on the top of Castle Hill and another statue of Robert Towns is now in Flinders Street. The town grew quickly after the discovery of gold at Charters Towers in 1871 and in 1873 James Burn set himself up as a merchant. Robert Philp formed a partnership with him and Burns Philp was then established. At that time Townsville had over 2,000 residents. In 1880 the first railway station was erected and by 1882 the railway had reached Charters Towers. Further industrial activity took place in the 1890 with the first meat works and tannery opening then and the first freezing works opening in 1891 thus beginning the trade of frozen beef to England. With more industrial activity the town became a city and continued to grow. By 1936 Townsville had a population of 30,000. This changed during World War Two when the city felt abandoned when news of the Brisbane Line leaked out. Australia’s war plan was to defend the country to a line just north of Brisbane leaving the rest of QLD to Japanese invaders if this happened. This plan was developed following the February 1942 bombing raids on Darwin and other northern towns. But after the December bombing of Pearl Harbour in 1941 Townsville became the base for around 50,000 American and Australian troops fighting in the Pacific region. In July 1942 the Japanese bombed Townsville three times. During the Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942 aircraft from Townsville played a major role as they did in other battles. Therefore it is not surprising that the second worst Australian aircraft disaster ever was in Townville in 1943. 27 people died when an aircraft crashed soon after take-off at Townsville in August 1943. (The worst Australian air crash was at Mackay in June 1943 when 40 were killed.) At the start of the War in 1939 an Air Force Base was established next to the newly opened airport. In 1966 the Lavarack Army Barracks were established with about 2,500 troops and it now houses the 3rd and other Australian Brigades. Ten years later (1976) the Townsville Air Force base started up with more units being added over time. By this time the city population had grown to 80,000 people. Today defence is still one of the major employers in Townsville. The other major employment sectors in Townsville are tourism, education, transport and port handling and metal processing. Townsville has three different refineries; one for zinc which comes from a mine near Cloncurry; one for nickel which is imported for processing from Vanuatu, the Philippines and Indonesia – now closed; and the last one for copper from Mt Isa. Health continues to be major employer in the city.In 1887 a Separation League was formed in North QLD to form a separate state with Townsville as the capital. This was diluted somewhat when Central QLD (based on Rockhampton) also formed a League a couple of years later. It came to a vote in the QLD parliament in 1897 but did not pass. The next serious attempt to create a new northern state happened in 1948 and in 1955 when a “new state for the north” convention was held in Mareeba but nothing eventuated. |
| 撮影日 | 2024-06-27 18:03:42 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | |
| カメラ | DSC-HX90V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.017 sec (1/60) |
| 開放F値 | f/4.5 |