Koonibba Aboriginal Community. Formerly the Lutheran Mission. The Koonibba Lutheran Children's Home built in 1914. Later it became a school room. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Koonibba Aboriginal Community. Formerly the Lutheran Mission. The Koonibba Lutheran Children's Home built in 1914. Later it became a school room. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | Koonibba Aboriginal Community.In 1898 the Lutheran Church of South Australia purchased 16,000 acres of land north of Denial Bay. A pastor, farm manager and others went to the site in June 1898. In December 1901 a Lutheran minister and his wife arrived to establish a mission station with the local Wirangu people and the Kokota people. The Aboriginal men were employed to clear the land and to farm it to provide income for the running of the mission. They only received food, clothing and shelter but they were also enticed by food and tobacco. As a religious mission the leaders also wanted to bring the Aboriginal people under religious influence. Within a year a bush school had been built and outdoor church services were held. English was being taught. The stone church and combined school room was built in 1903 by local Aboriginal man Thomas Richards who was baptised at the opening ceremony. Gradually more and more people came forward to be baptised. A manse was soon built for the pastor and his family. A second larger church was built in 1910. It is on the State Heritage Register. But in 1915 during World War One when anti-German feeling was strong a group of Aboriginal men asked the government to take over the mission so that they would be taught better English in the school! That did not happen. The Koonibba Lutheran Children’s Home was built in 1914 as a stone building with 14 rooms. It accommodated 40 to 60 students. This was to ensure regular attendance of school and sometimes to remove children from camp life. Gradually after some years of drought sheep replaced some of the wheat paddocks but this left the Aboriginal men unemployed and disgruntled. The Mission was making losses and the Lutheran Church was concerned about its future. New missionaries saved the day and restored slightly higher employment levels. In the late 1930s a hospital with a nurse was established. A general store and Post Office was also established. With some land share farmed by white farmers the Mission began to cover its costs. In 1948 it acquired an adjoining farm of 7,000 acres bringing the Mission station to 20,000 acres. Income then came from the farm, the share farming, the store. From the early 1960s the state government wanted to take over Koonibba Aboriginal Mission. In 1964 the SA government took charge of Koonibba School and sent the older children to Ceduna Area School so that they would integrate with the Ceduna community but this did not happen quickly or easily. Eventually in 1975 Koonibba Lutheran Mission was handed over to the SA government. The Lutherans resisted this but could not continue. As the Lutheran church argued in 1963, the 1,153 Aborigines in church missions received $109,558 from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs budget whilst the 1,568 Aborigines on government reserves received $904,818 from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs. It was not viable for the church missions to continue without more government funding. Then in 1965 the state government lifted all restrictions on Aborigines’ access to alcohol, without any consultation with Aboriginal people. After taking control of Koonibba and other church missions the government decided to integrate the Department of Aboriginal Affairs with the Department of Social Welfare. This happened in 1969 after some consultation with Aborigines across the state after the decision had already been made! When the Anangu people were moved to Fowlers Bay in 1952 some of the children were schooled at Koonibba and lived in the children’s dormitory there. In 1951 a local Aboriginal church member Ralph Burgoyne became the first Aboriginal delegate to the District Lutheran Convention. In 1975 when the SA government took over Koonibba Mission it handed over 890 hectares (2,200 acres) to the Koonibba Community Council. The Koonibba Aboriginal Community council still runs the farming property around Koonibba township. The old Lutheran Church remains and the town has a new general store. Koonibba also has the oldest Aboriginal football club in Australia. It was formed in 1906 and still fields team in the West Coast Football Association. Memorabilia about the club is displayed in the Thevenard Sports and Community Club. Koonibba football team plays its home games at the Aboriginal Sporting Complex in Thevenard. In 2023 Koonibba played Wirrulla, Ceduna, Thevenard, West Coast Hawks (Streaky Bay) and Western United. Koonibba joined the west coast football association in 1909 and they won the premiership in its second year – 1910. By 1947 the Koonibba team had won seven premierships. At their peak in 1949 Koonibba Club challenged the entire football association to field one team against them. The association accepted the challenge but they failed to win! In 1956 a second Aboriginal team, an offshoot of Koonibba, joined the West Coast association and Koonibba played against them in the grand final in 1957 which they won again. Koonibba has since won more premierships – taking out around 40. Koonibba is still thriving and a new general store opened in 2019. The $850,000 project was funded by the Indigenous Entrepreneur’s Fund, Indigenous Business Australia, the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet and the fundraising efforts of Koonibba residents. The town still has a government school. Koonibba also has the world’s first Aboriginal rocket launching site operated in conjunction with Southern Launch which also has a site near Port Lincoln at Whalers Way. The first Koonibba rocket was launched in 2020. One of the early Lutheran Pastors (1920 – 1930), August Hoff collected photographs and rare Kokota and Wirangu artefacts. They were donated by Lothar Hoff to the South Australian Museum in 2008 and the Koonibba Community is hoping to get some of these artefacts and photographs back to Koonibba to develop a tourism and educational attraction in the settlement. Around 150 people live in Koonibba today. Just north of the settlement is the Koonibba cemetery marked with fine iron work entrance gates and arch. It has around 200 recorded burials and is still in use. Several of the graves are for men who served in the Australian military forces in world War Two. Albert Lawrie born in 1910 is one military burial. He enlisted as a private in 1944. As recently as July 2023 the remains of ten Aboriginals were returned to Koonibba after a three-year effort by the Far West Coast Aboriginal Corporation and the South Australian Museum to have the remains returned. The remains of eight people and hair samples from two men were returned to Koonibba in 2022. The remains came from Adelaide, Melbourne, Perth and London. The repatriation of these remains was seen as restoring dignity and correcting wrongs from the past. The SA Museum was a major player in this process and will continue to return human remains to Aboriginal clans. Many graves have no headstones but the names of most are known and include: Benbolt, Chester, Coleman, Jebydah, Lawrie, Miller, Peel, Pompey, Scot, Schultz, Tschuna, Ware and Wombat. |
| 撮影日 | 2023-08-24 10:40:03 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
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| カメラ | DSC-HX90V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.005 sec (1/200) |
| 開放F値 | f/4.0 |