20191126_French Guiana_0095 Kourou sRGB : 無料・フリー素材/写真
20191126_French Guiana_0095 Kourou sRGB / Dan Lundberg
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-継承 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | What is now known as the Dreyfus Tower was originally built to communicate with the Salvation Islands using semaphore flags before the advent of radio. The rocky point (Pointe des Roches) where the Kourou River meets the Atlantic Ocean was once the site of the Kourou Prison, one of the three mainland prisons in French Guiana along with those in Saint-Laurent-du-Moroni and Cayenne.The Salvation Islands (Îles du Salut) got their name from 18th-century settlers hoping to escape disease and hostile natives on the mainland. In 1852 a prison complex opened on the three islands of the group: Royal Island (Île Royale) for the general prison population, Devil’s Island (Île du Diable which was surrounded by strong currents) for political prisoners, and Saint Joseph Island (Île Saint-Joseph after the patron saint of the settlers’ expedition) for the Reclusion, i.e., punishment in solitary confinement. The prison was notorious for the harsh treatment of detainees; the death rate reached 75% at one point. The prison was ultimately closed in 1953.The Dreyfus Affair was a French political scandal at the end of the 19th century. In 1894 Alfred Dreyfus, an artillery officer of Jewish descent, was convicted of treason for allegedly giving military secrets to the German embassy. He was sentenced to life in prison and incarcerated on Devil’s Island. In 1896 evidence came to light that an army major named Esterhazy was the actual traitor, but authorities suppressed the new information. Esterhazy was acquitted in 1898 while forged documents led to new charges against Dreyfus. Novelist Émile Zola was one of the leaders of a growing movement to support Dreyfus which attracted other artists and intellectuals countered by antisemitic riots. In 1899 Dreyfus was returned to France for another trial creating an intense political scandal that divided French society. Although he was convicted again and given a 10-year sentence, Dreyfus was pardoned and released followed in 1906 by a complete exoneration and reinstatement as a major in the army. French Guiana (Guyane) is an overseas region of France. It is thus part of the European Union and uses the euro as its currency. Cayenne is the capital.French merchants opened a trading center on the Guiana coast in 1624 but were thwarted by raids from the Portuguese (who were given this part of the New World by the Pope in 1494). France managed to establish a substantial presence in 1643 with the founding of La Ravardière (renamed Cayenne in 1777 likely because it sits at the mouth of the Cayenne River) but ultimately could not resist attacks from the native peoples. Enslaved Africans were imported to labor on large plantations growing sugar and other products. Slavery was first abolished in the 1790s during the French Revolution (a time when political opponents could find themselves deported to French Guiana) but became re-established in response to economic pressures as control shifted between the French, Dutch, English, and Portuguese Brazilians. France has maintained possession since 1817. The French government again abolished slavery throughout its territories on 27 April 1848 but the news did not arrive in French Guiana until 10 June (the date of the Abolition Day public holiday observed here since 2012). Without slave labor, the plantations collapsed. French Guiana became a penal colony with a network of camps and penitentiaries along the coast. Napoleon III decreed in 1852 that sentences greater than seven years were to be served in Guiana. In 1885 repeat offenders of minor crimes were added. The prisons were phased out in the decade following World War II. In 1965 President Charles de Gaulle established the Guiana Space Centre which today works with the European Space Agency as well as Arianespace for commercial rocket launches.On Google Earth:Dreyfus Tower 5° 9'34.47"N, 52°37'35.78"WDevil’s Island (Île du Diable) 5°17'37.00"N, 52°34'59.00"WRoyal Island (Île Royale) 5°17'14.95"N, 52°35'26.85"WSaint Joseph Island (Île Saint-Joseph) 5°16'53.08"N, 52°34'58.45"W |
| 撮影日 | 2019-11-26 17:47:34 |
| 撮影者 | Dan Lundberg |
| 撮影地 | Arrondissement de Cayenne, Guyane, French Guiana 地図 |
| カメラ | Canon PowerShot G7 X Mark II , Canon |
| 露出 | 0.003 sec (1/400) |
| 開放F値 | f/4.0 |