Chemistry and the Public Usefulness of Science : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Chemistry and the Public Usefulness of Science / aiva.
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Room XVII Chemistry and the Public Usefullness of ScienceMuseo GalileoFlorence, Tuscany, ItalyIn 1718 Étienne-François Geoffroy (1672-1731) presented in Paris a "table of affinities" that, by adapting Isaac Newton's (1642-1727) laws of attraction to the microscopic world, effectively and concisely showed the relationships between different substances. Geoffroy also introduced a new method of experimental analysis, based on exposing a number of minerals to the heat generated by a powerful burning lens. With this method, adopted throughout Europe for over a century, the French chemist hoped to reveal the behaviour of microscopic particles.Franz Huber Hoefer [attr.] - Tabula affinitatumoil on canvas ca 17661540 x 1300 mmTable of chemical affinities between substances. Commissioned around 1766 by the pharmacist Franz Huber Hoefer for the apothecary's shop of the Grand Duke of Florence, this large table of chemical substances was designed to guide the preparer of pharmaceutical remedies in identifying the compounds most likely to combine with one another. The table is modeled on Étienne-François Geoffroy's Table des differents Rapports observés entre differentes substances (Paris, 1718), from which it differs by adding a seventeenth column. The substances are identified by traditional alchemical symbols and the symbolic language in use in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The Florentine table does not, however, include the symbol of air. This means that it was compiled in a period when there was not yet a full awareness of the function of air as a chemically active substance, hence capable of combining with solids and liquids. A similar table is found among the plates of Diderot and d'Alembert's Grande Encyclopédie.catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/TabulaAffinitatum.htmlBenedetto Bregans (lens), Francesco Spighi, Gaspero Mazzeranghi (mount) - Lenslens: glass, wood, mount: brass, iron, wood - lens 1690, mount 1767dimensions: lens dia 450 mmA large lens, mounted in a gilt wooden frame, with a focal length of 1,580 mm. Another smaller lens acts as a condenser and can be positioned by means of a sliding mechanism along a supporting track. Beyond the condenser is a small adjustable metal plate for holding specimens. The wooden mount on a small table fitted with castors, dated 1767, is the work of the Florentine artisan Francesco Spighi; the metal parts are signed by Gaspero Mazzeranghi. The maker of the lens, Benedetto Bregans, about whom we have no certain information, donated it to Grand Duke Cosimo III de' Medici in 1697. The instrument was used some time later by Giuseppe Averani and Cipriano Targioni for experiments on the combustion of diamonds and other precious stones. In 1814, Humphrey Davy — on a visit to Florence with Michael Faraday — used the lens to repeat Averani's experiments. In 1860, Giovanni Battista Donati mounted the lens on a tube (inv. 582) for use as a starlight condenser to observe the absorption bands of stellar spectra.catalogue.museogalileo.it/object/Lens.html |
| 撮影日 | 2019-02-11 17:50:43 |
| 撮影者 | aiva. |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | Firenze, Toscana, Italia 地図 |
| カメラ | iPhone X , Apple |
| 露出 | 0.143 sec (1/7) |
| 開放F値 | f/1.8 |
| 焦点距離 | 4 mm |