Parkes. A beautiful marriage of stone and brick in the Courthouse built in 1896. Fine carving in stone of the NSW emblem and VR carved on the facade. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Parkes. A beautiful marriage of stone and brick in the Courthouse built in 1896. Fine carving in stone of the NSW emblem and VR carved on the facade. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | Parkes –the Early Years. Like Forbes the Currajong district (later called Parkes after Sir Henry Parkes the politician and federalist) was first sighted and explored by white men in 1835 when Major Thomas Mitchell explored the areas from Parkes to the Bogan River which flows northwards from here to its junction with the Darling River near Bourke. Although not near Parkes, Charles Sturt and Hamilton Hume had traced parts of the Bogan River north of Parkes in 1828. Mitchell’s explorations opened up the Parkes area but his conflict with the Wiradjuri Aboriginal people did not help later squatters. Richard Cunningham the noted botanist on Mitchell’s explorations was killed by Aboriginals on the Bogan River in 1835. As early as 1826 the “limits of settlement” were set where land could be bought and sold, or even squatted upon. Bathurst was the furthest point west at that time. In 1827 a road was surveyed to Wellington, 110 kms to the north east of Parkes and the town of Wellington was laid out in 1828. No settlement was permitted beyond Wellington or Orange or Molong or Cowra or Yass. But the new ordinance banning western settlement in 1829 did not stop the pastoralists who chased good open pasture lands with creeks and good pasturage. The men who settled on land beyond the legal limits called themselves squatters. In 1833 NSW passed the Protection of Crown Lands Act to stop this. But it too failed. The first settlement beyond the defined limits in the Parkes district was at Eugowra in 1834. Mitchell’s explorations of 1836 and his favourable reports on the western lands open the flood gates to squatting. Acts of violence between Aboriginal people and the squatters was uncontrolled so in 1839 and act was passed to levy squatters an annual tax to pay on their stock for police and peace keeping forces with Commissioners to ensure the peace. In 1846 the government granted 14 year leases to the former squatters as their claim to the land was legalised. The nearest sheep station to what became Parkes was Bald Hill station run by Thomas Bolton but there were four other big stations in the district by 1848. The pastoralists developed their properties over the years until the discovery of gold at Lambing Flat (Young) and Forbes in 1861.The routes the diggers followed bypassed Currajong (Parkes) but that was not to last. Currajong had been surveyed as a village site in 1853 but little had emerged there. In August 1862 James Pugh discovered gold in the hills at Currajong. Golden Bar Hill gold field was discovered nearby about the same time. The first ores were taken to Forbes to be crushed but by early 1863 crushing machinery was located near Currajong. By 1867 the gold mining was declining but 40,000 ounces had been extracted from mine shafts. But the village had police barracks and a school and a tent village. By 1871 it was almost deserted when another gold find was made at Bushman’s and more in 1872 and 1873. Bushmans was soon a village of 6,000 people. Some of the god found was easy alluvial gold but most was in deep lodes. In August 1873, Henry Parkes (later Sir Henry Parkes from 1877) who was then the Premier of NSW, visited Bushmans gold fields and met with diggers and the local Gold Commissioner. A township was to be created called Coobang but this was changed to Parkes in December 1873. On the same day the largest gold nugget found on the fields was discovered – the Welcome nugget weighing 132 ounces. These gold field produced 50,000 ounces of gold between 1871 and 1873. A mail service was started from Orange and police patrolled the fields and a Union Church was built in 1872 near the present day Uniting Church in Court Street. At that time there was a general store, a hotel and some other commercial buildings in Bushman/Currajong. It was the Gold Commissioner who laid out the streets of Parkes in 1873 with a dogleg in the main street because of the early buildings. After the gold declined the new land act ensured that farmers as well as pastoralists moved into the Parkes district. It was Henry Parkes who had championed the 1861 Robertson Act in NSW which allowed selection of land before survey for blocks of 40 to 320 acres at £1 per acre. 25 percent was due on occupation and the balance in three years’ time. This act remained in force until 1884. The earliest wheat crops were taken to Orange for milling into flour until the McGee and Quinn mill was erected in 1871. The mill and the families were destroyed by a massive fire in 1895. A second mill was built near the railway line in 1911. In fact the railway from Orange opened up Parkes to markets beyond the district. It reached Molong in 1885 from Orange and Parkes in 1893. The line from Parkes was extended to Condobolin in 1898 and north to Peak Hill in 1914. The link across to Broken Hill (and Adelaide) via Condobolin was not completed until 1927. Parkes became a municipality in 1883 with its first mayor and the town was well established by the mid-1880s. The first Council Offices and library were erected in 1886.The original Wesleyan/Union Methodist Church was erected in 1864 doubling as an early church school and then provisional government school from 1868. Compulsory education did not come about in NSW until 1880. The Currajong School in the Wesleyan Church closed in 1868 and another wooden school opened in 1872 until the Parkes Primary School was completed in 1875. It opened with 93 pupils and a few years later had 350 pupils! A new government school was built in 1933 and a high school established in 1941. The Sisters of Mercy built a convent school in Parkes in 1910 but the Sisters of St Joseph also had a two storey convent in Parkes. The Anglicans built a wooden church in 1875 but it burnt down in 1876. A parish hall was not built until 1889 and it was then used as a church until the new St George’s was completed in 1927. The Parkes Methodist Church was built in 1897 and the church hall added in 1913. At that time the original wooden Union/Wesleyan (1864) church was demolished to make room for the new church hall. The Presbyterians first met in the masonic Hall until they built a church around 1890. Their first church was started in 1916 and opened in 1919. The Catholics began masses in the early school in the 1870s until their church opened in 1889. This fine church was demolished in 1941 and replaced with a bigger Catholic Church in 1942. As a result of many German Lutherans moving from South Australia to Parkes a Lutheran congregation was established in 1892 but a church was not built until 1953. The Lutherans used various halls around the Parkes district for their services for around fifty years. Some Historic Buildings in Parkes. •The Royal Hotel. Built in 1881 by Mrs Fletcher whose husband established the first Royal hotel in 1871. Built with 20 guest rooms and stabling for 23 horses. This is where Sir Henry Parkes used to stay when visiting the town. 217 Clarinda St. Clarinda St was named after Sir Henry Parke’s wife. •Methodist church hall in ochre red brick with buttresses and three thin spires in Gothic style. Ornate gable facing the street. The Methodist Church is an example of a Federation Gothic building in red brick with white stucco bandings and quoins. •Parkes Post Office with the clock. The first Post Office was built in 1871 as a single storey structure. Rebuilt as a two storey structure in 1880 after the telegraph had reached Parkes in 1875.It has endured several major renovations since 1880 with rounded Art Deco style windows on the lower storey. •The Courthouse in Currajong St. Earliest Courthouse was erected 1875.The current one was erected in 1896 and the architect was Walter Vernon. It has three layers of rooves up to a clerestory window. •The Parkes Police Station was built in 1872 at 2 Court St. Architect was Colonial Architects James Barnet. •Parkes Convent Bed and Breakfast in Currajong St. Built in 1910 as the Catholic presbytery then it became the convent of the Sisters of St Joseph by 1918 as they ran their convent school. In 1923 it was remodelled and taken over by the Sisters of Mercy until 1986 but they sold the convent in 1983. 33 Currajong St. •Presbyterian Church. The first church was built between 1890 and 1893 when Reverend Smythe was the minister. The current church was built in 1919 at a cost of £3,000 and opened in May 1919. The 1890 church became the church hall. A new Memorial Hall was built in 1955. •Anglican Church. An arts and crafts interwar Gothic revival church. Built in 1926 at a cost of £14,000. It is one of the most significant buildings in Parkes architecturally as it has no arched Gothic windows but the mass and towers still give it a Gothic appearance. The architect was Louis Williams of Melbourne a devotee to the interwar Gothic style. It adjoins the parish hall of 1889. North west end of the church added in 1955. •Balmoral House. Built in the 1880s with proceeds from gold mining. It is a grand Italianate style two storey house with bay windows which were all the rage in the mid-1880s. Avoids symmetry and has fine cast iron lacework on the verandas. It was built by William Hazelhurst the towner of Phoenix gold mine one of the richest of the region. But alas Hazelhurst died almost penniless. In Hill St opposite the school.•The NAB bank 230 Dalton St on Chamberlain Square. Red brick with classical features such as a balustrade around the roof line. A cube building with pilasters on the walls. Built in 1925 for the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney. Heritage listed as an interwar neo classical building. Sir Henry Parkes’ statue in Chamberlain Square in front of the NAB Bank. •The railway station dates from 1893. May St. Opposite is the Railway Hotel built in 1915. •During World War Two the current Telstra building was the Small Arms factory an offshoot of the Arms factory of Lithgow. |
| 撮影日 | 2019-01-03 13:38:29 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
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| カメラ | DSC-HX90V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.003 sec (1/400) |
| 開放F値 | f/4.5 |