Dunedin. Red azaleas and the First Church of Otago. Robert Lawson designed this church. Started in 1868.Compelted 1873. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Dunedin. Red azaleas and the First Church of Otago. Robert Lawson designed this church. Started in 1868.Compelted 1873. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
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| 説明 | Dunedin. The Scottish City.Although Dunedin began as a strictly Scottish settlement hence the building of the First Church – a Presbyterian Church – it still remains a Scottish influenced city. The town street plan mimics the romantic layout of Edinburgh after which it was named. The city streetscapes have many solid stone buildings reminiscent of Edinburgh itself. In the 1850s over 12,000 Scots landed in Dunedin. But the gold rushes of 1861 near Dunedin and further inland in Otago diluted the Scottish influence but did not diminish the power of the Scots in the city. The diggers from England, Australia, Italy, France and Jewish communities of Europe flocked to the city. By the mid-1860s the city had Anglican, Methodist (1869), Congregational (1864), Baptist (1863) and other churches. It even had a synagogue, the first built in NZ in 1864. By 1865 Dunedin was the largest city in NZ. New suburbs with Scottish names were developed- St Kilda, Leith Valley, Kenmure, Shiel Hill, MacAndrew Bay etc. Its links with Scotland were difficult as Dunedin is the world’s furthest city from London and Edinburgh, even further than Invercargill. The early political leader of the city was Captain William Cargill who was the Superintendent of Otago Province and a member of parliament for Dunedin. He died in 1860 as the city’s Scottish influence was waning. Mount Cargill overlooks the city, there is a Cargill road intersection near his old house and there is also a fine stone memorial to William Cargill in Princes Street near the Octagon which was erected in 1864. Most of his children stayed on living in Dunedin or Christchurch. One son Edward became a business leader of Dunedin and called his mansion Cargill’s Castle but it is now in ruins. The Caledonian Society of Otago was formed in 1862 and the first Highlands Games were held that year too. Dunedin still has an annual Highland Games event. Dunedin tartan was registered in Scotland in 1988. The city prospered after the gold rushes and business boomed as the Art Gallery (1884), the first in NZ was established, the University of Otago (1869) was also the first university in NZ, the Otago Girls High School (1871) was the first public/state girls’ high school in the world etc. Dunedin was also one of the first cities in the world to have cable trams (1881), which were needed because of the steepness of some streets. William Hodgkins the “father of art” in NZ lived in Dunedin and he was the man who established the Art Gallery in 1884 but was also a well-known water colourist and one of the first to paint the Southern Alps and the Canterbury Plains. One of his daughters, Francis went on to become NZ’s best known artist and England’s too by the time of her death in 1947. Dunedin had the first daily newspaper in NZ and it was the first place in NZ to export frozen meat to England in 1881. But the city of firsts and the leading city of NZ was bypassed by Auckland in 1900 and has declined in economic but not cultural importance since. Many of the early NZ companies, which were founded in Dunedin, moved out or established bigger factories and branches in Auckland including Shacklock the iron foundry and implement maker who became Fisher and Paykel in Auckland, Kempthorne Prosser the fertiliser and drugs manufacturer, Fletcher Construction Company, Methven the tap makers, Mosgiel Woollen Mills etc. The stationers Coulls who also began in Dunedin later became Whitcoulls which still operates across NZ. Several insurance companies which had been founded in Dunedin also moved to Auckland and began national operations from there. Dunedin began to decline industrially but not culturally. The University is the largest single employer of the South Island and most, but not all, of its operations are based in Dunedin. Even exports of frozen meat and wool have declined in recent decades but NZ lamb is still well known in Britain. Today with a lively arts, music and literature scene, the university and with tourism Dunedin has slow but steady population growth again. It is considered a “nice” place to live and work because of its size, and its many charming Victorian buildings and houses. Dunedin has 218 buildings on the NZ Heritage Register. The city now has about 125,000 inhabitants many still with Scottish origins. The Edinburgh of the South was surveyed and laid out with its distinctive Octagon Park and surrounding streets by Charles Kettle who wanted to emulate the “Romantic” design of Edinburgh. He succeeded. He selected a fine site of rising ground just at the top of Otago Harbour. Here were built the early important buildings- the First Church of Otago - the major Presbyterian Church of NZ built in weatherboard in 1848, then replaced with a stone church in 1850, and the impressive Gothic masterpiece of today was erected in 1873 with the 177 feet high tower and spire. The architect who is credited with designing the First Church and so many of Dunedin’s fine stone buildigns was Robert Lawson ( 1833-1902) a Scot who emigrated to Australia in 1854 and then on to Dunedin in 1862. Robert Lawson also designed Larnach Castle (the only castle in NZ, 1871), the Knox Presbyterian Church (1876), the Dunedin Wesleyan Methodist Church – now the Fortune Theatre (1869), the Otago Boys High School (1885), the ANZ Bank 319 Princes St.(1874), the Hanover Street Baptist Church (1865 now demolished and replaced 1912) and the Municipal Chambers (1880). Many of Lawson’s buildings are built of white Oamaru limestone. Other significant and heritage listed city buildings include: The Octagon is the centre, Moray Place surrounds it. Around The Octagon:- Dunedin Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute 1870, 22 The Octagon; Regent Theatre 1904, 17 The Octagon; St Paul’s Anglican Cathedral 1914, 36 Moray Place; Municipal Chambers 1880, 38 The Octagon; Moray Place :- First Church of Otago 1873, 410 Moray Place; former Dunedin Synagogue dating from 1864 is NZ’s oldest synagogue – extended 1872 and sold 1881 to the Masonic Lodge but now a residence, 29 Moray Place; Moray Terrace building about 1910, 63 Moray Place; Moray Place Congregational Church (former) 1865, 81 Moray Place; former Dunedin Public Library built around 1905, 110 Moray Place; Dunedin Town Hall 1929 in neo-classical style;Princes Street:- Cargill’s Monument 1864; ; Wains Hotel 1878, 310 Princes St – with carved figures of Neptune and other gods above the doors; Bank of NZ 1879, 205 Princes St; Dunedin Chief Post Office 1937, 283 Princes St; the National Bank of NZ 1911, 193 Princes St;Queens Gardens:- NZ Insurance Building 1897, 49 Queens Gardens; Union Bank 1874, 319 Queens Gardens; Dowling Street:- Imperial Building Dunedin’s answer to the Flatiron building of NY – about 1910, corner Cowling and Lower High St; ; Garrison Hall 1872 (former) 8 Dowling St; Stuart Street:- Dunedin Law Courts 1902, 1 Stuart St; Wesleyan Church now Fortune Theatre 1869, 231 Stuart St; Other locations:- All Saints Anglican Church 1865, 786 Cumberland St; the Otago Museum 1877, 419 King St; St Joseph’s Catholic Cathedral 1878-86 and St Dominic’s Priory 1877, 288 Rattray St; Dunedin Police Station 1898 (former), 21 Dunbar St; the Otago Girls High School 1910, 41 Tennyson St; Dunedin Prison 1898 (former), 2 Castle St; the Southern Cross Hotel 118 High St (former) 1883; the Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Building, 7 Liverpool St 1882; the Otago Boys High School 1885, 18 Arthur St; and many fine mansions line High Street numbered 400 onwards. It is a bit of a climb but gives you good views across Otago Harbour towards St Kilda too. Buses go along the street so take a bus out and walk back down the hill!University of Otago. This first university in NZ was established in 1869 opening with students in 1871. (The University of Adelaide began teaching in 1876). It began in a city building before transferring to the main tower building in 1878. The architect Maxwell Bury worked in conjunction with Mountford in Christchurch but he moved to Dunedin for a few years after he won a public competition for the design of the new university. Many of Bury’s other buildings have been demolished and this is his finest. From its early days it has had several residential colleges which has grown to 14 colleges now and today it has around 21,000 students in attendance. Apart from Dunedin it has a major medical school campus attached to Christchurch hospital in Canterbury. The medical school is still one of only two in NZ and it is the earliest being founded in 1875. It is the only university in NZ to provide dentistry education. The University employs almost 4,000 staff and is the major employer in Dunedin. It teaches science, medical science, arts, law, education (since 2007) and business. Around 10% of its students are Maori and Pacific Islanders. From its inception it taught law and Otago was the first university in Australasia to allow women to enrol in law degrees. Its first female student graduated in 1897. In terms of research and academic reputation it is the second university of NZ after the University of Auckland. Some of the most prestigious and gothic style boarding colleges are Knox College, Presbyterian founded in 1909, by the Botanic Gardens; Selwyn, the Anglican College established in 1893 on Cumberland Street by All Saints Anglican Church; and St Margaret’s College, Presbyterian founded in 1911 in Leith Street. If you walk around the campus you will find a group of buildings around the Clock Tower building all in a similar style. The Clock Tower building is the Registry; of the same dimensions and behind it is the Geology building; to the north of these are the professional houses; to the south of the Clock Tower are the Hall, the Staff Club, the Theatre and the School of Mines. This complex of Gothic buildings was completed in 1883. With corbels, towers, oriel windows and gables the style is often referred to as Scottish Baronial. No wonder Maxwell Bury’s design won the competition in such a Scottish city! The theatre and some other buildings were completed in 1914 with the last of the group finished in 1923.Look for the oriel widow and Gothic towers on the Hall (Marama Hall) which is a superb structure and the beautiful Archway Building. All these buildings were completed in Otago bluestone with white Oamaru limestone quoins. |
| 撮影日 | 2016-10-16 10:36:19 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | |
| カメラ | DSC-HX30V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.004 sec (1/250) |
| 開放F値 | f/8.0 |