From Rocky Mountain Marble to Piedmont Granite: the Stones that Built America : 無料・フリー素材/写真
From Rocky Mountain Marble to Piedmont Granite: the Stones that Built America / James St. John
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 |
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| 説明 | These are my personal notes taken during a geology presentation. I give them here because they may be of some interest. Do not expect the notes to always be in complete sentences, etc.-----------------------------------Joe Hannibal is a curator at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.-----------------------------------MarblesOrthomarble - a marble or limestone that will take a fine polish.Example: Washington Monument in Baltimore - made of Cockeysville MarbleExample: Washington Monument in D.C. - the bottom quarter of the tower is Texas Marble (from Texas, Maryland). A narrow band of Sheffield Marble occurs above the Texas Marble. The Cockeysville Marble makes up the upper three-quarters of the Washington Monument. The Texas Marble portion has patches on it - marble wears out.Cockeysville Marble is quarried near Baltimore.Texas Quarry in Texas, Maryland can be visited - it is still there. The rocks are complicated and the quarry is vast. Old underground mining occurred before open pit quarrying started. Old subsurface tunnels are encountered by modern quarrying. The rocks are dolomitic in part and calcitic in part. The Texas Quarry is about at its maximum extent now. Texas Marble rocks are used now in toothpaste and in Oreo cookies (not kidding).Beaver Dam Quarry in Cockeysville, Maryland. Produced Cockeysville Marble - also known as Beaver Dam Marble. There are many synonyms for most stones.The Beaver Dam Quarry is now a swimming hole at the Beaver Dam Swimming Club.Cockeysville Marble was used in two wings of the Capitol Building in D.C. - mainly the big columns there.Fisher Building in Detroit - constructed in 1929. The upper part of the Fisher Building is clad in Marvilla Marble (Mar Villa Marble) - a brownish marble from Cockeysville, Maryland. The brown marble has swirls of phlogopite mica in calcite. It is also known as Chalen Marble - has mica and calcite and faults.Marble, Colorado - has the best, most magnificent marble quarry area in the world - in the Rockies. Called the Yule Marble. Old derricks are present. A huge hole occurs in the side of the mountain. The underground workings replicate the appearance of surface quarries.Quarries operate in cycles. They are active - they are shut - active - shut.The Cuyahoga County courthouse (built in 1911-1912) in Ohio has Yule Marble.Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington Cemetery, D.C. - made of Yule Marble.The Yule Marble quarry area was originally owned by the Vermont Marble Company.Weathered marble can feel sandy/gritty - some people misidentify it - weathered marble is not sandstone.LimestonesThe Salem Limestone is quarried and sold as Indiana Limestone. The Terminal Tower in Cleveland, Ohio (built 1927-1928) has Indiana Limestone. This material is also known as Bedford Oolite. Lots of fossils (crinoids, bivalves, etc.) and lots of porosity.The Nebraska state capitol building has Indiana Limestone - visible horn corals, ramose bryozoans, fenestrate bryozoans.The Indiana Capitol Building has Indiana Limestone - can see fossil trackways.Indiana Limestone quarries - they make a large block and knock it over. They then drill holes and insert feathers/wedges to make slabs.Many old quarries are now parks.Crown Point Quarry in the Burlington region of Vermont - produced limestone.The Vermont Capitol Building has Crown Point Limestone with fossils - includes the mollusc Maclurites magna (= snail) - “Big Mac”.Napoleon Gray “Marble” is produced at the Phenix Quarries in southwestern Missouri. “Phenix” is spelled correctly. This area was worked by one man only in 2009. Lots of ticks in Missouri - some have Lyme disease. Limestone blocks are sliced and dried to make slabs (like a bread-slicing machine). The limestone quarry walls show solution features, stylolites, and fossils. Stylolites are named after the Greek word for “column”. Stylolites occur in limestones, not marble (with some exceptions). Was called Napoleon Gray Marble. Napoleon Gray is actually a Mississippian limestone. Stylolites in the material are sites of accelerated weathering/solution. It’s a gray stone. The down side is that it looks like concrete.Old magazines can be mined for information about old-timer quarry stones.Indiana war memorial - has red marble columns. Dolomitic marble. Has so-called burrows that have been recrystallized/replaced.GranitesBarre, Vermont - the Rock of Ages is a beautiful quarry there.The area brought in lots of immigrant stone carvers.In cemeteries, can see fancy carved headstones for such people, erected by their relatives.Eliot Ness’ grave - his ashes were put in a nearby pond, actually. The headstone is made of Barre Granite.Barre Granite holds up very well. It’s really a granodiorite. Most granite in America is not true granite. There are few real granites used in America.Some “granites” are migmatite - half-igneous, half-metamorphic rocks with banding. Migmatite is quarried at Morton, Minnnesota.SandstonesThe Berea Sandstone has quartz and brown spots of iron oxide.A Berea Sandstone quarry is still active in Birmingham, Erie County, Ohio.This material is widely used in northeastern Ohio. It was shipped elsewhere too.There are exhausted or built-over old marble quarrying areas. Some materials (marbles and other stone types) can’t be exactly replaced anymore.Check out the International Union of Geological Sciences Heritage Stone Subcommission. They put out lots of e-mails.The group published a Tennessee marble volume.Be careful - want to use materials that have a track record. Some low-quality rocks are coming out of China - they won’t hold up as gravestones. |
| 撮影日 | 2018-04-15 12:44:19 |
| 撮影者 | James St. John |
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