Salisbury. The old waterwheel from the Old Spot Hotel orange orchard. it was used for irrigating the oranges that grew in the Little Para River Valley. : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Salisbury. The old waterwheel from the Old Spot Hotel orange orchard. it was used for irrigating the oranges that grew in the Little Para River Valley. / denisbin
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-改変禁止 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | The Old Spot.Just above the Old Spot locality is the Little Para Reservoir. It was built between 1974 and 1978 and commissioned in 1979. It was built to mitigate flooding in the Salisbury area and as a major water storage facility but the Little Para and its tributaries are not sufficient to fill the reservoir so it has always needed pumped water from the Murray River to fill it. The Goodes family had an orchard in the Para River valley and it was their house and land that was flooded for the reservoir. This reservoir holds 20.8 megalitres compared with 45.9 for Mt Bold and 19 megalitres for Kangaroo Creek Reservoir so it is a major water storage facility of the Adelaide Hills. First reports of damming the Little Para were made in 1882 but nothing happened until 1974. Below the reservoir is the Old Spot district.Thomas Williams of the Old Spot arrived in SA in 1839 and he was a prominent member ( i.e. investor) of the South Australian Company. He settled along the Little Para River and later returned to live in England where he died in 1881. He was an early but not the first owner of the Old Spot Hotel who was in fact Thomas Brook of England who acquired the license in 1840. John Harvey had the license from 1845-49. (He also owned and built the Salisbury Hotel in 1854 which he leased out for many years.) It was 1849 when Thomas Williams took out the license which he held until 1870. This river here was discovered very early in April 1837 by Assistant Surveyor Boyle.T. Finniss. A hotel was licensed at this spot in 1840 and changed hands several times in the 1840s until Thomas Williams took it over in 1849. This hotel must not be confused with a hotel of the same name in Gawler. The Salisbury Old Spot Hotel was a half way point for bullock teams and horse riders from Adelaide to Gawler. It became a busy spot after the discovery of copper at Kapunda in 1842 and again at Burra in 1845. A daughter of Thomas William, Miss Ellie Williams opened a new bridge across the Little Para here in 1865. The Williams family worshiped at the nearby Wesleyan Methodist Church and their family vault is still there. A son of Thomas Williams took over the hotel from his father and ran it until 1899 when the innovative Frederick Kuhlmann bought the premises. He had a new hotel erected in 1909 which incorporated several rooms of the 1840 building. Kuhlmann also had a nursery and orange orchard behind the hotel hence his need for a waterwheel. The Old Spot Hotel has been added to several times since 1914 but some original walls are probably still lurking in the interior somewhere!It was at the old Spot that a small Wesleyan Methodist Church was erected in 1857. Local families mainly the Whitfords gathered funds from neighbours to purchase a half ace block from Thomas Williams in 1856 with the church opening soon after in 1857. Beside it was a small cemetery. Little remains of that these days except for the remains of the Williams family vault. Other headstones were removed to Hephzibah cemetery in Salisbury when the cemetery was cleared after much vandalism in 1993. The church itself lost membership as Salisbury grew and the church closed around 1880. The church was not sold until after the three Methodist churches amalgamated in 1900 and it was demolished by new owners in 1905. The cemetery was used until 1889. The land on which the church stood was made into a small reserve by the Munno Para Council. The mover behind the church Henry Whitford took up his first land at the Old Spot in 1853 when he started renting land (about 150 acres) from John Ridley the inventor of the wheat stripper. By 1870 Henry Whitford had purchased his land and had 911 acres of cropping land stretching up towards One Tree Hill. Henry Whitford a founding trustee of the church and cemetery was buried there in 1889 but his headstone is now in the Hephzibah cemetery in Salisbury. Oranges along the Para.The orange tree is botanically known as citrus sinensis which comes from China but is grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The fruit of this tree gave us the name for one of our primary colours. This colour was first recoded in the English language in 1512. Orange is a Sanskrit Indian word. In Europe oranges have been grown in Italy and Spain since they were brought there by the Crusaders in 1100s from the Middle East. The first mention of commercial orange growing along the Para was in 1870 when Mr Urlwin exhibited Salisbury oranges at the Adelaide Royal Show. Then Mr F Fendon was described in newspapers in 1876 as a pioneer of commercial orange growing at Salisbury as he had been experimenting with orange trees since 1850. He hoped his display at the Salisbury Show of 1876 would encourage others to turn to orange growing. He had 20 varieties growing along Para when he exhibited them at the Salisbury Annual Show in 1876. More oranges were grown in the 1880s and by the 1890s hundreds of cases a year were being exported by P & O steamers to London. Thus the big expansion of commercial orange growing was in the 1880s. The oranges grown were Navel, Valencias, Washingtons and Lisbons( lemon) and these were the four” houses” in the Salisbury Primary School in the 1950s. Other earlier varieties grown included Sabina (a sour Italian orange), Rio (a red grapefruit), Seville oranges etc. Navel orange is a variety that was developed in Brazil in the 1820s, Washingtons were also from Brazil but Navels were developed for commercial orchards in California. Mr Russsell of Paralowie House is a good example of what Salisbury farmers did. He converted from growing oats and wheat to oranges in 1890. He planted 82 acres of his 122 acres in citrus trees 21 feet apart giving him over 1,000 trees. The annual floods of the Little Para were the secret of providing the rich alluvial soils in the Para valley. Other early citrus growers in Salisbury were the Kuhlmann, Moss, Tate, Jenkins, Harvey, Ponton and Sayer families. In the 1970s as the citrus industry died the flood plains of the Little Para were converted to parklands if they flooded or to housing if they were not flood prone. But once the Little Para Reservoir was completed the annual floods stopped anyway. Oranges were also extensively grown at Golden Grove. During the dry of summer water was taken from the Little Para to irrigate the oranges and one old stone waterwheel used for this purpose has been restored in Salisbury. That waterwheel was built for orange grower Frederick Kuhlmann of the Old Spot Hotel in 1899 and used until the 1940s. |
| 撮影日 | 2016-03-21 10:56:30 |
| 撮影者 | denisbin |
| タグ | |
| 撮影地 | |
| カメラ | DSC-HX30V , SONY |
| 露出 | 0.033 sec (1/30) |
| 開放F値 | f/3.5 |