Wildrose Charcoal Kilns, Death Valley National Park, California : 無料・フリー素材/写真
Wildrose Charcoal Kilns, Death Valley National Park, California / Ken Lund
| ライセンス | クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-継承 2.1 |
|---|---|
| 説明 | The Wildrose Charcoal Kilns were completed in 1877 by the Modock Consolidated Mining Company, above Death Valley in the Panamint Range, and were used to reduce Pinyon and Juniper tree wood to charcoal in a process of slow burning in low oxygen. This fuel was then transported to mines in The Argus Range, 25 miles to the west, to feed smelting and ore extraction operations.Although the mines themselves were worked intermittently until about 1900, there is no clear evidence that the charcoal kilns were operational after 1879. They were restored by Navajo Indian stonemasons from Arizona in 1971.The kilns were located here as the trees Single-leaf Pinyon Pine (Pinus monophylla) and Utah juniper ( Juniperus osteosperma) dominate the landscape in the upper Panamint Mountains. Shrubs of Mormon Tea (Ephedra sp.), such as Death Valley ephedra (Ephedra funerea), are spaced between them, with other xeric sub-shrubs and native bunchgrasses.Other historic charcoal kilns in the United States include the Cottonwood Charcoal Kilns at Owens Lake, the Piedmont Charcoal Kilns in Wyoming, and the Walker Charcoal Kiln in Arizona.Wildrose Canyon has 2 campgrounds above the kilns, Thorndyke at 7,490 feet and Mahogany Flat at 7923 feet. The latter is the trail head for the hiking trail to Telescope Peak and has a spectacular view to the east down to Badwater.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Places_of_interest_in_the_Death_Val...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_... |
| 撮影日 | 2015-03-07 15:49:48 |
| 撮影者 | Ken Lund , Reno, Nevada, USA |
| 撮影地 | United States 地図 |
| カメラ | Canon PowerShot SX280 HS , Canon |
| 露出 | 0.001 sec (1/1250) |
| 開放F値 | f/4.0 |
| 焦点距離 | 16393.44262 dpi |